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African apes as reservoirs of Plasmodium falciparum and the origin and diversification of the Laverania subgenus

Identifieur interne : 007018 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 007017; suivant : 007019

African apes as reservoirs of Plasmodium falciparum and the origin and diversification of the Laverania subgenus

Auteurs : Linda Duval [France] ; Mathieu Fourment [Cambodge, Australie] ; Eric Nerrienet [Cambodge, Cameroun] ; Dominique Rousset [Cameroun] ; Serge A. Sadeuh [Cameroun] ; Steven M. Goodman [Madagascar] ; Nicole V. Andriaholinirina [Madagascar] ; Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia [Madagascar] ; Richard E. Paul [France] ; Vincent Robert [France] ; Francisco J. Ayala [États-Unis] ; Frédéric Ariey [France]

Source :

RBID : PMC:2890828

Abstract

We investigated two mitochondrial genes (cytb and cox1), one plastid gene (tufA), and one nuclear gene (ldh) in blood samples from 12 chimpanzees and two gorillas from Cameroon and one lemur from Madagascar. One gorilla sample is related to Plasmodium falciparum, thus confirming the recently reported presence in gorillas of this parasite. The second gorilla sample is more similar to the recently defined Plasmodium gaboni than to the P. falciparum–Plasmodium reichenowi clade, but distinct from both. Two chimpanzee samples are P. falciparum. A third sample is P. reichenowi and two others are P. gaboni. The other chimpanzee samples are different from those in the ape clade: two are Plasmodium ovale, and one is Plasmodium malariae. That is, we have found three human Plasmodium parasites in chimpanzees. Four chimpanzee samples were mixed: one species was P. reichenowi; the other species was P. gaboni in three samples and P. ovale in the fourth sample. The lemur sample, provisionally named Plasmodium malagasi, is a sister lineage to the large cluster of primate parasites that does not include P. falciparum or ape parasites, suggesting that the falciparum + ape parasite cluster (Laverania clade) may have evolved from a parasite present in hosts not ancestral to the primates. If malignant malaria were eradicated from human populations, chimpanzees, in addition to gorillas, might serve as a reservoir for P. falciparum.


Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1005435107
PubMed: 20498054
PubMed Central: 2890828


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
and the origin and diversification of the
<italic>Laverania</italic>
subgenus</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duval, Linda" sort="Duval, Linda" uniqKey="Duval L" first="Linda" last="Duval">Linda Duval</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff1">Laboratoire de Biologie Fonctionnelle des Protozoaires, Unité Scientifique du Muséum 504,
<institution>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>
, 75005 Paris,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Laboratoire de Pathogénie Virale,
<institution>Institut Pasteur de Paris</institution>
, 75015 Paris,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Fourment, Mathieu" sort="Fourment, Mathieu" uniqKey="Fourment M" first="Mathieu" last="Fourment">Mathieu Fourment</name>
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<institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,
<country>Cambodia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Biological Sciences,
<institution>Macquarie University</institution>
, Sydney 2109,
<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,
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;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">Unité de Virologie,
<institution>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</institution>
, Yaoundé, Cameroun;</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Rousset, Dominique" sort="Rousset, Dominique" uniqKey="Rousset D" first="Dominique" last="Rousset">Dominique Rousset</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<institution>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</institution>
, Yaoundé, Cameroun;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion>
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<name sortKey="Sadeuh, Serge A" sort="Sadeuh, Serge A" uniqKey="Sadeuh S" first="Serge A." last="Sadeuh">Serge A. Sadeuh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">Unité de Virologie,
<institution>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</institution>
, Yaoundé, Cameroun;</nlm:aff>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Goodman, Steven M" sort="Goodman, Steven M" uniqKey="Goodman S" first="Steven M." last="Goodman">Steven M. Goodman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff7">
<institution>Field Museum of Natural History</institution>
, Chicago, IL 60605, and Association Vahatra, Antananarivo,
<country>Madagascar</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Andriaholinirina, Nicole V" sort="Andriaholinirina, Nicole V" uniqKey="Andriaholinirina N" first="Nicole V." last="Andriaholinirina">Nicole V. Andriaholinirina</name>
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, Mahajanga,
<country>Madagascar</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona" sort="Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona" uniqKey="Randrianarivelojosia M" first="Milijaona" last="Randrianarivelojosia">Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff9">Unité Paludisme,
<institution>Institut Pasteur de Madagascar</institution>
, Antananarivo,
<country>Madagascar</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Paul, Richard E" sort="Paul, Richard E" uniqKey="Paul R" first="Richard E." last="Paul">Richard E. Paul</name>
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<institution>Institut Pasteur de Paris</institution>
, 75015 Paris,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<institution>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>
, 75005 Paris,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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, 34000 Montpellier,
<country>France</country>
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<institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,
<country>Cambodia</country>
and Unité d’Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Institut Pasteur de Paris, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">African apes as reservoirs of
<italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
and the origin and diversification of the
<italic>Laverania</italic>
subgenus</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duval, Linda" sort="Duval, Linda" uniqKey="Duval L" first="Linda" last="Duval">Linda Duval</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Laboratoire de Biologie Fonctionnelle des Protozoaires, Unité Scientifique du Muséum 504,
<institution>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>
, 75005 Paris,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Laboratoire de Pathogénie Virale,
<institution>Institut Pasteur de Paris</institution>
, 75015 Paris,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fourment, Mathieu" sort="Fourment, Mathieu" uniqKey="Fourment M" first="Mathieu" last="Fourment">Mathieu Fourment</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">Unité de Virologie,
<institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,
<country>Cambodia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Biological Sciences,
<institution>Macquarie University</institution>
, Sydney 2109,
<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nerrienet, Eric" sort="Nerrienet, Eric" uniqKey="Nerrienet E" first="Eric" last="Nerrienet">Eric Nerrienet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff5">Laboratoire HIV et Hépatites,
<institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,
<country>Cambodia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">Unité de Virologie,
<institution>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</institution>
, Yaoundé, Cameroun;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rousset, Dominique" sort="Rousset, Dominique" uniqKey="Rousset D" first="Dominique" last="Rousset">Dominique Rousset</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">Unité de Virologie,
<institution>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</institution>
, Yaoundé, Cameroun;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sadeuh, Serge A" sort="Sadeuh, Serge A" uniqKey="Sadeuh S" first="Serge A." last="Sadeuh">Serge A. Sadeuh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">Unité de Virologie,
<institution>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</institution>
, Yaoundé, Cameroun;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goodman, Steven M" sort="Goodman, Steven M" uniqKey="Goodman S" first="Steven M." last="Goodman">Steven M. Goodman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff7">
<institution>Field Museum of Natural History</institution>
, Chicago, IL 60605, and Association Vahatra, Antananarivo,
<country>Madagascar</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Andriaholinirina, Nicole V" sort="Andriaholinirina, Nicole V" uniqKey="Andriaholinirina N" first="Nicole V." last="Andriaholinirina">Nicole V. Andriaholinirina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">Département de Biologie Animale et Ecologie,
<institution>Faculté des Sciences</institution>
, Mahajanga,
<country>Madagascar</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona" sort="Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona" uniqKey="Randrianarivelojosia M" first="Milijaona" last="Randrianarivelojosia">Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff9">Unité Paludisme,
<institution>Institut Pasteur de Madagascar</institution>
, Antananarivo,
<country>Madagascar</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paul, Richard E" sort="Paul, Richard E" uniqKey="Paul R" first="Richard E." last="Paul">Richard E. Paul</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Laboratoire de Pathogénie Virale,
<institution>Institut Pasteur de Paris</institution>
, 75015 Paris,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robert, Vincent" sort="Robert, Vincent" uniqKey="Robert V" first="Vincent" last="Robert">Vincent Robert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Laboratoire de Biologie Fonctionnelle des Protozoaires, Unité Scientifique du Muséum 504,
<institution>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>
, 75005 Paris,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff10">Unité de Recherche Caractérisation et Contrôle des Populations de Vecteurs, Unité de Recherche 16,
<institution>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</institution>
, 34000 Montpellier,
<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ayala, Francisco J" sort="Ayala, Francisco J" uniqKey="Ayala F" first="Francisco J." last="Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff11">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
<institution>University of California, Irvine</institution>
, Irvine, CA 92697</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Irvine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ariey, Frederic" sort="Ariey, Frederic" uniqKey="Ariey F" first="Frédéric" last="Ariey">Frédéric Ariey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff12">Unité d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire,
<institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,
<country>Cambodia</country>
and Unité d’Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Institut Pasteur de Paris, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> and Unité d’Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Institut Pasteur de Paris, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2010">2010</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>We investigated two mitochondrial genes (
<italic>cytb</italic>
and
<italic>cox1</italic>
), one plastid gene (
<italic>tufA</italic>
), and one nuclear gene (
<italic>ldh</italic>
) in blood samples from 12 chimpanzees and two gorillas from Cameroon and one lemur from Madagascar. One gorilla sample is related to
<italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
, thus confirming the recently reported presence in gorillas of this parasite. The second gorilla sample is more similar to the recently defined
<italic>Plasmodium gaboni</italic>
than to the
<italic>P. falciparum–Plasmodium reichenowi</italic>
clade, but distinct from both. Two chimpanzee samples are
<italic>P. falciparum</italic>
. A third sample is
<italic>P. reichenowi</italic>
and two others are
<italic>P. gaboni</italic>
. The other chimpanzee samples are different from those in the ape clade: two are
<italic>Plasmodium ovale</italic>
, and one is
<italic>Plasmodium malariae</italic>
. That is, we have found three human
<italic>Plasmodium</italic>
parasites in chimpanzees. Four chimpanzee samples were mixed: one species was
<italic>P. reichenowi</italic>
; the other species was
<italic>P. gaboni</italic>
in three samples and
<italic>P. ovale</italic>
in the fourth sample. The lemur sample, provisionally named
<italic>Plasmodium malagasi</italic>
, is a sister lineage to the large cluster of primate parasites that does not include
<italic>P. falciparum</italic>
or ape parasites, suggesting that the
<italic>falciparum</italic>
+ ape parasite cluster (
<italic>Laverania</italic>
clade) may have evolved from a parasite present in hosts not ancestral to the primates. If malignant malaria were eradicated from human populations, chimpanzees, in addition to gorillas, might serve as a reservoir for
<italic>P. falciparum</italic>
.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Cambodge</li>
<li>Cameroun</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Madagascar</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Paris</li>
</settlement>
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<name sortKey="Duval, Linda" sort="Duval, Linda" uniqKey="Duval L" first="Linda" last="Duval">Linda Duval</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Ariey, Frederic" sort="Ariey, Frederic" uniqKey="Ariey F" first="Frédéric" last="Ariey">Frédéric Ariey</name>
<name sortKey="Duval, Linda" sort="Duval, Linda" uniqKey="Duval L" first="Linda" last="Duval">Linda Duval</name>
<name sortKey="Paul, Richard E" sort="Paul, Richard E" uniqKey="Paul R" first="Richard E." last="Paul">Richard E. Paul</name>
<name sortKey="Robert, Vincent" sort="Robert, Vincent" uniqKey="Robert V" first="Vincent" last="Robert">Vincent Robert</name>
<name sortKey="Robert, Vincent" sort="Robert, Vincent" uniqKey="Robert V" first="Vincent" last="Robert">Vincent Robert</name>
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<country name="Cambodge">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Fourment, Mathieu" sort="Fourment, Mathieu" uniqKey="Fourment M" first="Mathieu" last="Fourment">Mathieu Fourment</name>
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<name sortKey="Nerrienet, Eric" sort="Nerrienet, Eric" uniqKey="Nerrienet E" first="Eric" last="Nerrienet">Eric Nerrienet</name>
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<country name="Australie">
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<name sortKey="Fourment, Mathieu" sort="Fourment, Mathieu" uniqKey="Fourment M" first="Mathieu" last="Fourment">Mathieu Fourment</name>
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<country name="Cameroun">
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<name sortKey="Nerrienet, Eric" sort="Nerrienet, Eric" uniqKey="Nerrienet E" first="Eric" last="Nerrienet">Eric Nerrienet</name>
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<name sortKey="Rousset, Dominique" sort="Rousset, Dominique" uniqKey="Rousset D" first="Dominique" last="Rousset">Dominique Rousset</name>
<name sortKey="Sadeuh, Serge A" sort="Sadeuh, Serge A" uniqKey="Sadeuh S" first="Serge A." last="Sadeuh">Serge A. Sadeuh</name>
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<country name="Madagascar">
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<name sortKey="Goodman, Steven M" sort="Goodman, Steven M" uniqKey="Goodman S" first="Steven M." last="Goodman">Steven M. Goodman</name>
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<name sortKey="Andriaholinirina, Nicole V" sort="Andriaholinirina, Nicole V" uniqKey="Andriaholinirina N" first="Nicole V." last="Andriaholinirina">Nicole V. Andriaholinirina</name>
<name sortKey="Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona" sort="Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona" uniqKey="Randrianarivelojosia M" first="Milijaona" last="Randrianarivelojosia">Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Californie">
<name sortKey="Ayala, Francisco J" sort="Ayala, Francisco J" uniqKey="Ayala F" first="Francisco J." last="Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</name>
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</record>

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